PTHH: \(2Fe+6H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2\uparrow+6H_2O\)

            \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)

a) Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{15}\cdot56}{13,6}\cdot100\%\approx27,45\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}=72,55\%\)

b) Ta có: \(m_{CuO}=13,6-\dfrac{1}{15}\cdot56\approx9,9\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{CuO}=n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,9}{80}=0,12375\left(mol\right)\)

*Làm gì có H₂SO₄ loãng đâu nhỉ ??

a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow27a+56b=11\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(3a+2b=0,4\cdot2=0,8\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{11}\cdot100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}=50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=m_{AlCl_3}+m_{FeCl_2}=0,2\cdot133,5+0,1\cdot127=39,4\left(g\right)\)

c) Bảo toàn electron: \(3\cdot0,2+3\cdot0,1=2n_{SO_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{SO_2}=0,45\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,45\cdot22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)

a) Gọi nAl = x, nFe = y

Có 27x + 56y = 11 (1)

Bảo toàn e

3x + 2y = 2.0,4 (2)

Từ 1 và 2 => x = 0,2, y = 0,1

\(\%mAl=\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}.100\%=49,09\%\)

\(\%mFe=100-49,09=50,91\%\)

b) BTKL: 

m muối = mkim loại + mHCl - mH2

= 11 + 0,4.2.36,5 - 0,4.2 = 39,4g

c) 

Bảo toàn e

Al => Al⁺³ + 3e                                  S⁺⁶ + 2e => S⁺⁴

0,2               0,6                                             2x          x

Fe => Fe⁺³ + 3e

0,1                  0,3

=> 2x = 0,6 + 0,3 => x = 0,45 mol

=> VSO₂ = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 lít

PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{Mg}=0,6.24=14,4\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{Cu}=50-14,4=35,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{14,4}{50}.100=28,8\%\\\%Cu=\dfrac{35,6}{50}.100=71,2\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n\)_H2 =\(\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}\) =0,6(mol)
PTHH:
Mg +HCl →MgCl₂ + H₂
0,6 mol                 ←0,6 mol
a) \(m\)_Mg =0,6. 24 =14,4(g)
    \(m\)_Cu= 50- 14,4= 35,6(g)
b)\(m\)%_Mg= \(\dfrac{14,4}{50}\).100%= 28,8%
   \(m\)%_Cu=100%- 28,8%= 71,2%
 

a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow24a+27b=5,1\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=0,5\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%\approx47,06\%\\\%m_{Al}=52,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=250\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{250}{1,2}\approx208,33\left(ml\right)\)

Chọn đáp án C

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 24a + 27b + 56c = 26,05(1)

\(Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al +6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b + c = \dfrac{13,44}{22,4} = 0,6(2)\)

\(Mg + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} MgCl_2\\ 2Al + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2AlCl_3\\ 2Fe + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3\\ n_{Cl_2} = a + 1,5b + 1,5c = \dfrac{17,36}{22,4} = 0,775(3)\)

Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra:  a = 0,325 ; b = -0,05 ; c = 0,35

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